Horror Genre Dissertation - 6741 Words

Contents Page 1. Abstract Page PG. 2 2. Acknowledgements PG. 3 3. Introduction PG. 4 Discussion - 4. History of the Horror Genre PG. 5 - 9 - 5. Slasher Films and the Gender roles PG. 9 - 13 - 6. Comedy Horror PG. 13 - 16 - 7. Postmodernism and the Horror Film PG. 16 - 18 - 8. Case Study: Scream Vs. Scary Movie PG. 18 - 22 9. Conclusion PG. 23 Bibliography PG. 25 - 27 1. Abstract Page I have researched on the Horror genre, looking at when it begun, the decline in popularity it has foreseen and how it has been able to recreate itself each time. I looked at comedy horror films and what part it plays within the film industry. I found that†¦show more content†¦Films made in the 1930’s emphasised on the monster and gore. ‘When seen through the eyes of the original audiences, critics and censors, the thirties Horrors were a fairly nasty lot.’(3) Dracula was the first classic Horror film in the 1930’s, which contained sound. It received financial success as well as negative responses from critics. They saw these types of movies and had to consider whether people would copy the violence or see the movie, as it was, that these acts of violence were just for the story. Frankenstein (1931), Freaks (1932) and Island of Lost Souls (1933) were movies that caused outrage with censors in Britain. They didn’t like the influence these films could have on young teenagers, which were primarily there target audience. The British ban on horror movies were instated in 1937, this made profit of Horror films decline so fewer films were made. This affected Hollywood producers like Universal as their main importers was Britain. At this point you could have said horror movies were dead, as it made no sense producing movies that could not be shown. The dislike of the monster was not the only issue that censors had with these films, but the sexual encounters also caused dissatisfaction. In response to this they introduced a new rating system for horror films called ‘H’, this was to show people that the films were horrific and could only be viewed by adults. They had to try and consider what was deemed safe for children to watch andShow MoreRelatedPoetry Is Not Just The Vision Of The Writer1036 Words   |  5 Pagesevoke and inspire readers. Poetry is thoughts concealed given breath—a story reflecting the interior landscape of the mind. Just as it can be a breath of air, poetry can grip the heart—the mind can be an awfully dark place. Within gothic poetry the horror and fears of the poet lie just beyond the words of the poem itself. The words are emotional viscera given form. Poetry is aesthetic and inspiring and its brevity extends it to forms beyond itself. The works of romantic poets have been recyc led andRead MoreFinding Deep Meaning Of Film1264 Words   |  6 Pagespeel back the layers of the onion. Rosenberg et al. 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Essay on Rewriting History in Henry IV - 1066 Words

Rewriting History in Henry IV The master of historiography is, perhaps, Shakespeare as evidenced by his History Plays. Whereas most writers merely borrow from history to fuel their creative fires, Shakespeare goes so far as to rewrite history. The First Part of Henry the Fourth follows history fairly closely, and Shakespeare draws this history primarily from Raphael Holinsheds Chronicle of England, Scotland, and Ireland and from Samuel Daniels verse epic The Civil Wars (Abrams 823). The play opens shortly after Henry Bolingbroke has usurped the throne from Richard II, becoming the fourth King Henry, and changing the royal lineage from the House of Plantagenet to the House of Lancaster. In the opening†¦show more content†¦For the most part, Shakespeare did indeed fabricate Falstaff, Poins, and the whole Tavern Group, yet historical evidence does support some sort of provincial getaway. McFarlane records that in 1412 the younger Henry remained dissatisfied [with his father] and shortly afterwards withdrew once more into the provinces, where he was soon again at his old tricks (110). Shakespeare originally named the character of Falstaff after the Protestant martyr John Oldcastle. Shakespeare eventually bowed to the objections of Oldcastles descendants, renaming the character (Abrams 823). At the Battle of Shrewsbury, Shakespeare describes how Hal kills Hotspur, eulogizes him (5.4.78-102), and then concedes the victory of the kill to Falstaff (5.4.138-50). History records that Hal himself suffered an arrow-shot to the face (Rowse 44) and that no one knows for certain who killed Hotspur (Jacob 52-3). History further records that, as for the eulogy, it was the king who shed tears over Hotspurs slain figure, not the young prince (Rowse 45). Despite Hotspur being three years older than Hals father (Hotspur died at age thirty-nine) (Rowse 44), Shakespeare paints the portrait of Hotspur and Hal as contemporaries, following poet Daniels lead (Drabble 475). Rowse does note, however, that Shakespeare did capture the essence in Hotspur of something not grown-up about this fighting man, whoShow MoreRelatedA Study on Metafictive Devices in the French Lieutenant’s Woman5819 Words   |  24 Pages.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦......13 3.3 The Critique of Victorian Sexuality†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦15 IV. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....................16 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....................18 I. Introduction Fowles’ The French Lieutenant’s Woman is typically a time-honored historiographic metafiction in contemporary British literature. The term â€Å"metafiction† was coined by Willim H. Gass in a 1970 essay entitled â€Å"Philosophy and the Form of Fiction†. It is a type of fiction that self-consciouslyRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesreturned their publishing rights to the original author, Bradley Dowden. The current version has been significantly revised. If you would like to suggest changes to the text, the author would appreciate your writing to him at dowden@csus.edu. iv Praise Comments on the earlier 1993 edition, published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, which is owned by Cengage Learning: There is a great deal of coherence. The chapters build on one another. The organization is sound and the author doesRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagescooperation. Both company and department goals can be achieved. It puts an end to the can t see the forest for the trees syndrome. Harold Grimes, plant manager I think that formal project management will give us more work than longterm benefits. History indicates that we hire more outside people for new positions than we promote from within. Who will be hired into these new project management jobs? We are experiencing a lot of backlash from people who are required to teach new people the ropes. InRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesIntegrative Perspective on Employee Benefits 305 Flexible Spending Accounts 305 Modular Plans 306 Core-Plus Options Plans 306 Summary 307 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 308 Key Terms 308 Employee Assistance Programs 332 A Brief History of EAPs 332 EAPs Today 333 Wellness Programs/Disease Management 333 ETHICAL ISSUES: Smokers and the Obese Need Not Apply 334 xiv Contents WORKPLACE ISSUES: The Union Drive 351 Objective and Scope of Collective Bargaining 351 Collective-Bargaining

Biology Osmosis Observation Free Essays

Biology laboratory work: Osmosis observation Measuring the dependence of net mass gain in potato pieces on concentration of sugar solution By Jonas Kulikauskas Siauliai Didzdvaris Gymnasium Hypothesis: The more sugar in solution, the more potato mass will decrease. Aim: To see how potato mass will change at different concentration solution. Research question: How the mass of potato will change at different concentration solutions? Variables: Dependent: solution concentration. We will write a custom essay sample on Biology Osmosis Observation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Independent: sugar concentration in potatoes. Controlled: time, potato form. Apparatus: 1. 5 plastic cups 2. Distilated water 3. Potato 4. Knife 5. Clock 6. Electronical scales (Â ±0,05) 7. Bag of sugar 8. Measuring cylinder 9. Tap water Method: Peeling down the potato and cutting it into 1cm3 cubes (25 cubes) Weighing potatoes on the scales Putting different amount of sugar into five plastic cups (1st no sugar 2nd 6,8g 3rd 13,7g 4th 20,5 5th 27,4g) Adding 100ml of water to each of the cups Mixing the sugar with water Putting in 5 potatoes into each cup Waiting 20 minutes Pulling out the potatoes, drying them up and putting on the scales Writing down new mass. Amount of sugar in solutionSolution concentration %Cup numberMass of five cubes before(Â ±0,05g)Mass of five cubes after (Â ±0,05g) 0g0%15,8g6g 6,8g6,37%25,1g5,2g 13,7g12,05%35,5g5,3g 20,5g17. 01%45,6g5,4g 27,4g21,51%55,5g5,3g Graph: While the concentration is from 0% to 6,37% the net mass gets bigger, later on from 12,05% to 21,51% the net mass gets smaller. When the concentration is from 0% to 6,37% the net mass change is positive, when from 17. 01% to 21,51% – negative. Conclusion: The potato lost more mass as it was submerged in bigger concentration solutions because the bigger concentration difference is, the osmosis will occurs more intensively. Evaluation: I think that laboratory work went pretty well, I managed to see the differences in potato mass change and make a conclusion of it. Next time I should write down original numbers and not rounded ones to give more accurate results. How to cite Biology Osmosis Observation, Essays

Business Strategy Aviation Industry Across World

Question: Describe about the Business Strategy for Aviation Industry Across World. Answer: Introduction The aims and purpose of this particular assignment are to focus on the key objectives of the aviation industry in India. The selected airline company in the assignment is AirAsia, which is one of the low cost airline industries across the world. Its headquarters is situated near Kuala Lumpur, and it is one of the largest aviation organizations when measured regarding flight size and destinations (AirAsia, 2016). The overall Airline Industry across the world is a complex concept, and there are different kinds of competitions, which exists in every corner. The study will focus on five important questions, which will highlight the business operations and competitive analysis of AirAsia. Analysis of the Macro Environment to evaluate the Aviation Industry in India The answer to this particular question will highlight the macro environment analysis of the selected airline company, AirAsia. The application a proper macro environment analysis will emphasize the use of an appropriate and relevant market tool, termed as PEST Analysis. With the utilization of this particular environmental analysis tool, AirAsia will be able to analyze all the major factors, of the external environment (Aras Crowther, 2012). There are four major points, which are analyzed to evaluate all the major factors. Factors Case Evidence Positive (Opportunities) Negative (Threat) Political One of the major economic factors in the all the airline industry is the fluctuations of the oil prices. Recently, the recession hit the aviation business, however with this economy slowing down the majority of the passengers want to enjoy the journey at a lower cost. Analyze the external factors Economical This particular Malaysian-based airline industry has faced certain operational issues while operating its business outside Malaysia mainly when the price of fuel increased. Help in the financial decision making process Social Due to the fact of growing population worldwide, tourists and some educated people are helpful for the expansion of this particular industry. Help to analyze the demographic conditions Technology The final factor is the application of the technology in the aviation sector. The organization follows different crucial element, which will conclude about the progression of the technological advancement. AirAsia provides the combination of air ticketing as well as hotel bookings, car hire, and travel insurance. However, the organization launched one of the major packages, which includes GO Holiday (AirAsia, 2016). Helps in technological advancement Figure 1: PEST Analysis of AirAsia Analysis of the Aviation Industry in India based on Air Asia and its Competitors The answer to this particular question will analyze all the important factors, which will contribute the competitiveness of AirAsia while operating its business in Asia and an attractive industry for AirAsia. Some of the crucial elements in this particular industry include cost factor, government policies, economic challenges and competition in the sector. In order to develop proper competitive business tactics, there are certain essential business tactics, which the organization applies in the overall business, policies. Some of the important features of this particular business organization include the following points. These are the crucial points, which conclude the aviation sector of the India. India is good place for the aviation Industry and has an aim of becoming the third largest aviation sector globally by the year 2020. The business opportunity in the country for AirAsia has a good prospect because of the growing demands. In order to operate in the Indian Aviation Industry the following factors need to analyze in order to develop an effective marketing plan. Development of a single passenger class, providing a minimum set of facilities in the industry, reducing the cost of acquisitions and maintenance process and emphasis on direct sales of tickets and employees working in multiple roles are some of the key factors of competitiveness (Armstrong Kotler, 2013). It is important to conclude about the economic background of India, which is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. The government contributes as one of the vital roles towards supporting and encouraging new industries into the economy. Competition is one of the major parts in every business (Grewal Levy, 2013). However, in order to evaluate a proper solution, AirAsia need to develop an appropriate pricing strategy, as it is one of the major factors, which hampers the purchasing decisions of the customers. VIRO Methods contributes four important factors, which will focus on Value, Rareness, Imitability and Organization. The VIRO Analysis is an analytical technique concludes different kinds of survival dimension for the organization as well as for its competitors. Suppliers Power The power of suppliers is immerse in the aviation industry because there are three inputs that the airline industry need to focus which includes fuel, aircraft and labor. Buyers Power Due to the low carrier cost the buyers power is becoming very high as there are different kinds of close alternative options are available. Entry and Exit Barriers In this particular industry the mode of entry and the mode of exit is not restricted, as nay firms can start their business at anytime and left the market at anytime. Threat of Substitutes The options of the passengers is much diversified, if any particular group of customers is not satisfied it they will automatically shift to the next alternative option. Competitive Rivalry This particular industry is very much competitive, as there are many companies operating its business in the same sector. Table 2: Porters five forces Strategic resources and competencies of Air Asia There are certain organizational aims and objectives, which majorities of the business firms tries to accomplish in the business operations. Strategies are developed by different organizations, which will allow the activities of the business to run in a smoother manner. However, resources of the organizations are limited (Hitt, Black, Porter, 2012). The answer will evaluate the overall strategic capabilities by matching the requirements of the company. Majorities of the firms try to ensure in the optimum utilizations of resources. There are certain classifications of resources, which include financial resources, organizational designs, and corporate resources, and technological resources are some of the key resources, which the organization focuses on. Competitive Analysis of Air Asia through strategic capabilities Companies belonging to any industries have direct as well as indirect competitors. AirAsia is one of the major aviation companies, which operates its business across the major cities of the globes. Some of the core competitors of AirAsia reflected in the following part of the study. Malaysian Airlines, Singapore Airlines, Thai Air and Air Sri Lanka are some of the most significant competitors of AirAsia. However, on other airlines, AirAsia provides better value for money through strategic capabilities (Hasan, 2012). Nevertheless, towards evaluating all the crucial factors, the application of the SWOT Analysis will conclude what are the different kinds of factors, which affects both the external environment as well as the internal environment. Some of the important factors, which this particular airline industry develops in order to conclude its strategic choices, are as follows. Development of a proper market penetration process, which includes retaliation from the competition, enhan cing the service, which includes mass customization by combining the strategic capabilities are the two important factors. The final factor is the process of market development, which concludes the competitive advantages. Drawbacks and loopholes of Air Asia There are particular challenges as well as the weakness of the AirAsia in the overall business operations. Massive investment is required for the organization to purchase airplanes and implement the latest technology, which includes a high amount of operational cost (AirAsia, 2016). It is one of the low cost airline services across the world, which provides all the customers to get tickets at affordable prices. On the other hand, due to this particular reason, there are some significant drawbacks in the operational management of the organization. As compared with other premium airline services, the company in some respect lacks in different kinds technological advancement SWOT Analysis of Air Asia The application of SWOT Analysis is one of the most valuable marketing tools, which majorities of the organization irrespective of the nature of the business follows in the process of developing a proper business plan. With the application of this particular tool, AirAsia will be able to develop a good situation analysis process, which will scan both the internal environment as well as the external environment (Hood, 2013). Strength and Weakness are the two factors, which will conclude the factors that will examine the internal environment on the other hand; the reaming two factors will scan the external environment, which includes opportunities and weakness. FACTORS ANALYSIS Strength The company maintains a strong brand name in the aviation industry. The airline industry is one of the low cost airline organizations all over Asia. AirAsia maintains a strong management team, which coordinates with governments and other airline industries. Based on different reports the aviation company has performed a remarkable job towards the utilization process of IT. Weakness One of the major weakness of AirAsia is the organization do not have its own repairs and maintenance services. There are some complements made by the passengers about the services There are certain challenges faced by the companies towards investing for new airplanes. Opportunity The organization has developed a proper target market, keeping in mind the requirements of the middle class people. ASEAN open Skies has been reached. Low cost services. Treats Increase in competitions. Based on certain statistical reports the overall profit margin of AirAsia is around 30%, which attracted many competitors. Customers worry about safety. Table 3: SWOT Analysis of AirAsia Application of SWOT Analysis and identification of the key issues in Indian Industry The aviation sector of India witnessed high growth in all the major aspects of the business. The answer to this particular question will address all the issues, which AirAsia need to analyze before entering into new markets. However, there are some important points, which need to investigate by the organization before going into the Indian market. Some of the key issues which this particular aviation sector faced based on the SWOT Analysis are highlighted in the following part of the study (Wong Brooks, 2015). High operational cost, Cost of fuel is very much high, shortage of maintaining facilities, congestion at airports and much more are some of the important factors, which contributes as some of the vital issues in the overall aviation industry in India (Kotler, 2012). However, AirAsia operates its business operations in the major cities of the globe. India is one of the developing nations. Some of the key attributes of a developing country are fewer household incomes, weak economic growths, and entry of low cost carriers, less sustain business growths, and less supporting government policies are some of the key factors, which affects the overall India aviation industry (Kotler Armstrong, 2012). In order to develop a proper market plan for market penetrations based on the findings of the SWOT Analysis, AirAsia needs to analyze all these vital factors for the development of a proper marketing plan. Development of business level Strategies of Air Asia Strategies are developed by the organization by keeping in mind the common goals and objectives of the organization. The target market, which is adopted by AirAsia, comprises mainly of middle-class passengers. The overall objective of AirAsia is to provide an affordable service to its customers. Nevertheless, some of the key strategic actions, which are adopted by AirAsia, are reflected in the following part of the assignment. Single Class Service It is one of the low cost airline services, which offers a single class service without other options at sustainable low prices. As compared with the other aviation industry, the company only believes towards providing service only in aviation (Kotler Keller, 2012). There is a lack of entertainment facilities offered by the organization, which do not include meals, entertainment amenities, loyalty programs points and access to airport lounges. These business strategies help the organization to reduce the clearing and maintenance cost, loading and uploading time and cost improving process efficiencies by maintaining lower cost and much more (Robinson, 2012). Low Fixed Costs This particular organization has done a remarkable job while retaining a proper low cost throughout its operational activities. The organization strongly believes towards developing a proper as well as a proper pricing strategy, as it is one of the crucial factors, which affects the purchasing decisions of the buyers (Kurtz Boone, 2012). AirAsia successfully maintained an low overall cost of different activities, which includes low rates for its long-term maintenance, and low airport fees. Developing these overall strategies has reflected towards developing a low price in the tickets. Analysis of the primary drivers of Air Asia in Indian Aviation Industry The answer to this particular question will evaluate the possessed geographic sources of advantages. Researchers have not developed a single coherent of the drivers of success towards entering in a new market. Growth is one of the major concerns in this particular industry. Some of the key primary drivers include growth in national income, growth in the middle class income, investments in airports and related infrastructure and many more are some of the key drivers in this particular industry (Peoples, 2012). The mode of entry is one of the crucial factors, which different organizations including AirAsia need to evaluate in the overall business plan. The analysis of the overall key driver includes the company does not have to commit resources for setting up business facilities (Glassman et al., 2015). On the other hand, in many cases the cost of production obtained by contract, the cost of providing services becomes lower in the overall business activities. Recommendation for Air Asia to address the key issues Developing a proper business plan which will match the demographic conditions The primary part in any business operations is to analyze the demographic conditions of the selected country. In a developing country such as India, the notion of the demographic conditions contributes as one of the most significant aspect (Pride, 2012). However, AirAsia has done an excellent job towards the process of developing a proper financial plan towards the process of evaluating a proper pricing strategy (Timmis, 2015). In India, the majority of the people are from middle background. The overall pricing decisions reflect the buying decisions of the customers. However, AirAsia is one of the organizations, which provides low cost carrier services across the globe. Develop a proper Situation Analysis procedure in order to specify the key issues In order to address the key issues the organization need to analyze all the key factors in both the internal environment as well as in the external environment. With the application of a proper situation analysis procedure by using different kinds of marketing tools, AirAsia will be able to address the key issues in the overall business proceedings (Robbins Coulter, 2012). The two important marketing tools include the application of SWOT Analysis and the application of PESTEL Analysis, which will evaluate all the barriers, and challenges of the aviation sector for AirAsia in both the environments. Application of SAFe criteria for recommendations Planning is one of the crucial parts and on the other hand, implementation of planning is equally important. There are three important factors, which will conclude the SAFe criteria for the implementation of the recommendations includes suitability, acceptability and feasibility. The overall objective towards developing a proper business plan is to gather a proper sustainability in the business proceedings and operations (Eriksson Steenhuis, 2015). Some of the key examples which the organization need to focus on towards the use apply a proper SAFe criteria for recommendations includes market penetration, market development and service development in order to meet the requirements of the customers (McManners, 2016). Conclusion The selected organization in the study is AirAsia and the assignment will focus on towards the evolution process of a proper Business Strategy. The overall assignment contains five crucial parts, which describes about the key strategies of AirAsia in the business plan. The application of macro environmental analysis, competitors analysis and situation analysis are some of the key objectives, which focus on the process of concluding and summering a proper business plan. The recommendation part is the most crucial part, which will analyze all the key attributes towards address the key issues in the aviation industry of India. Reference List AirAsia,. (2016).AirAsia Malaysia | Book cheap flights online to over 100 destinations!.Airasia.com. Retrieved 6 September 2016, from https://www.airasia.com/my/en/home.page Aras, G. Crowther, D. (2012).Business strategy and sustainability. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Armstrong, G. Kotler, P. (2013).Marketing. Boston: Prentice Hall. Eriksson, S., Steenhuis, H. J. (Eds.). (2015).The Global Commercial Aviation Industry. Routledge. Glassman, A. M., Newcomer, J. M., Earnhardt, M. P., Opengart, R. A., Watkins, D. V., Marion, J. W. (2015). Validating the knowledge, skills, and abilities composite measure: An aviation industry pilot study. Grewal, D. Levy, M. (2013).Marketing. New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin. Hasan, M. (2012).Politics of global civil aviation industry. SaarbruÃÅ'ˆcken: LAP Lambert academic publishing. Hitt, M., Black, S., Porter, L. (2012).Management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Hood, D. (2013).The marketing manifesto. London: Kogan Page. Kotler, P. (2012).Principles of marketing. Singapore: Pearson/Prentice-Hall. Kotler, P. Armstrong, G. (2012).Principles of marketing. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. Kotler, P. Keller, K. (2012).Marketing management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Kurtz, D. Boone, L. (2012).Principles of contemporary marketing. Australia: Southwestern Cengage Learning. McManners, P. J. (2016). Developing policy integrating sustainability: A case study into aviation.Environmental Science Policy,57, 86-92. Peoples, J. (2012).Pricing behavior and non-price characteristics in the airline industry. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Pride, W. (2012).Marketing principles. South Melbourne, Vic.: Cengage Learning. Robbins, S. Coulter, M. (2012).Management. Boston: Prentice Hall. Robinson, Z. (2012).Sustainability. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Editions. Timmis, A. J., Hodzic, A., Koh, L., Bonner, M., Soutis, C., Schfer, A. W., Dray, L. (2015). Environmental impact assessment of aviation emission reduction through the implementation of composite materials.The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,20(2), 233-243. Wong, S., Brooks, N. (2015). Evolving risk-based security: A review of current issues and emerging trends impacting security screening in the aviation industry.Journal of Air Transport Management,48, 60-64.

The Florida Everglades a Wetlands Ecosystem Essay Example

The Florida Everglades a Wetlands Ecosystem Paper All Of the wildlife in the Everglades is totally dependent on the cycling Of water. One example of this dependence is the feeding relationship between the snail kite (an endangered bird species), and the apple snail (a freshwater mollusk the size of a golf ball) (Taller). The apple snails reproduce during the rainy season. When water levels are at their highest, they lay thousands of tiny pink eggs on the stalks of marsh grasses. As the water recedes, the snail kites fly all over the Everglades looking for them. Once they find them, they swoop down and use their specialized beaks to pluck the tender snails from heir shells. The water cycle and the lives of apple snails and snail kites are intertwined. Snail kites depend on the successful reproduction of apple snails, which is, in turn, affected by the amount of rainfall. Only recently have scientists been able to observe how close this relationship is. When humans drained large areas of the Everglades and converted them to agricultural lands, the population of apple snails decreased sharply. This had a dramatic effect on the snail kite population. In 2003, only 1 600 snail kites remained in Florida, the birds only U. S. Habitat (Smith). The relationship among humans, nail kites, and apple snails illustrates the delicate balance of nature in an ecosystem. When humans alter the water cycle, they directly affect the food chain. Alligators are animals that often come to mind when people think of the Everglades. The American alligator, once a highly endangered reptile, plays a critical role in the Everglades ecosystem, especially during the dry season (Alligator Holes). As winter approaches, water levels begin to drop. Alligators, which need an ample supply of water to survive, sense the changing of the season and begin to prepare for the dry months ahead. We will write a custom essay sample on The Florida Everglades a Wetlands Ecosystem specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Florida Everglades a Wetlands Ecosystem specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Florida Everglades a Wetlands Ecosystem specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Using their powerful snouts, tails, and legs, they make comfortable dens for themselves by slashing small plants, and muck out of the marsh. As it thrashes its body from side to side, it creates a small hole filled with water. Plant matter and mud piled up around the edges of the hole create dry ground on which other plants eventually grow. After many years, grass, trees, and other plants surround these gator holes like fences. Gator holes are important to other species as well. As the water becomes scarce during the dry season, many animals search for food and remaining pockets of water. The gator holes attract crayfish, frogs, turtles, fish, and other aquatic species, all seeking refuge in the deeper waters of the gator holes. Muskrats, otters, deer, and raccoons, as well as a wide variety of beautiful birds, such as ibises, egrets, and herons, visit these sanctuaries to feed on the small animals that can be found there. Because alligators and the watery hollows they make play such an important role in the Everglades ecosystem, they are considered to be a keystone species since many other species depend upon them for their survival. This has earned them the nickname keepers of the glades. Due to constantly changing water levels, ecosystems like the Everglades can be very unpredictable places. Since the 1 8005, people have tried to control the Everglades to prevent flooding (Blake). Large canals were built to send the water into the ocean and away from the Everglades. The land along the canals dried up and became more useful to people. Before so much Of the Everglades was drained, most of its water came from Lake Cheekbone, which sometimes overflowed along its southern edge. With an annual rainfall of nearly 60 inches (Everglades) and the overflow from the lake, a large area f the Everglades used to be wet for most of the year. But the lake was a source of major flooding to towns, especially during the rainy season. In the 1 sass, other flood control projects were started, including the construction of a dike along Lake Cheekbones southern rim. Because the water no longer overflowed from the lake; farmers and ranchers now had more dry land on which to live and work. More projects followed in the asses and asses. Today, about half of the original Everglades has been drained to create dry land for towns and farms and much of the region is crisscrossed by an elaborate system of canals, dikes, and levees. Blake) Water control efforts have benefited the residents of south Arid, but now nature no longer controls the flow of water into the Everglades; as a result, the natural balance of the ecosystem has been damaged. The draining of the Everglades has harmed many animals that depend on water for reproduction, such as snails, fish, and frogs. Because these creatures are at the bottom of many Everglades food chains, their diminishing numbers have had a rippling effect throughout the entire community. Like the snail kite, other bird species C such as the ibis, heron, and the endangered wood stork CO have suffered. In fact, scientists have estimated that some bird populations have dropped about 90 percent (Birds) over the past fifty years because of the low water levels. Now scientists are encouraging us to realize that a great number of plants and animals must survive to help maintain this delicate environment. Because the canals and dikes have helped to dry up the land, part of the original Everglades has become a rich agricultural area. Yet, productivity within this marsh has had a negative effect on its wildlife. In the asses and asses, bald eagles and pelicans in the Everglades were among the many birds heartened with extinction by the chemical EDT. (Scott) Farmers sprayed EDT on their crops to control insects. They didnt realize that from heavy rains was washing the poisonous chemical into the Everglades. Scientists discovered that EDT caused the shells of birds eggs to thin, resulting in the death of many young birds before hatching. The U. S. Government finally banned the use of EDT in 1972. Agricultural runoff disrupts the Everglades ecosystem in other ways too. Fertilizers, which contain plant nutrients, are washed from the sugarcane plantations a few miles north. These fertilizers cause an excessive growth Of algae. The algae can form large mats called algal blooms, which float on the surface of the water and results in transportation. The effects of transportation can be seen as far south as Florida Bay. As the algae die and decompose, they use up large amounts of oxygen in the water, which causes fish, crabs, shrimp, insects, and other aquatic species to suffocate in the oxygen-depleted water. With the drier conditions created by flood-control, brush fires began to sweep through the Everglades in the 1 sass and asses. These devastating blazes led environmentalists to pressure the government to establish the Everglades National park. (Park Establishment) Today, visitors can experience Florists diverse, rare, and beautiful wildlife in the Everglades National Park. Located in the southwestern portion of the marsh, this is one of the largest national parks in the United States. Each year, millions of tourists come to see the huge array of tropical wildlife, which includes nearly six hundred different types of animals, such as alligators, crocodiles, pelicans, snakes, and a multitude of insect species. The Everglades is the largest freshwater wetlands in the continental United States and one of the worlds great biological treasures. It is home to many species of endangered plants and animals. But it is also an ecosystem in trouble. Over the past century, about half of the original Everglades has been drained, filled, and converted for farmland and other development. Much of the nutrient-filled water that once flowed naturally through the Everglades has been artificially diverted to sugarcane plantations. As a result, the entire ecosystem has suffered. Damaged wetlands cannot provide suitable habitat for the plants and animals that depend on it for survival. In 1 983, the state of Florida, along with several environmental groups, munched the Save Our Everglades campaign to start looking at ways to preserve the troubled wetlands. The project had one clear goal: to make the Everglades look and function more like it did in 1900 than it did in 1983. Throughout the 1 sass, scientists worked on this plan. In 1 994, the Arid state legislature passed the Everglades Forever Act (Longboat), which authorized the Everglades Construction Project the largest effort ever attempted to restore an ecosystem. One of the projects in the Everglades restoration effort is the construction of 40,000 acres of artificial marshes (Diabetes). These marshes will serve as a protective barrier between the sugarcane plantations and the rest of the Everglades ecosystem. The artificial wetlands are essentially huge ponds surrounded by dirt and filled with lots of nutrient-loving plants. Scientists hope that the plants will clean the water by catching and filtering out pesticides, fertilizers, and other farm runoff before it reaches the Everglades. The clean water will then be redirected back into the marsh. Another project is to restore the Kismet River (Restoring a River). Before people began tinkering with the Everglades, the Kismet was a 102-mile meandering river that supplies most of the water to Lake Cheekbone. In 1961, engineers straightened the Kismet River to control flooding around Lake Cheekbone and to make room for farms. Most of the water in the river was then diverted into a 55-mile straight channel, officially named the C-38 canal. Scientists expect that once the river IS returned to its original path, the habitat for more than three hundred fish and wildlife species, including the endangered wood stork and snail kite, will be restored. A total of 24 endangered or threatened plant and animal species live in the Everglades ecosystem (Threatened Endangered Species) and most of these species face extinction due to habitat loss. One large Everglades mammal that faces extinction due to habitat loss is the Florida panther, a type of cougar. Two hundred years ago, cougars roamed freely from Alaska to South America; but today, due to habitat loss, the only cougar population east of the Mississippi River is the Florida panther. Despite widespread efforts to save the panther, fewer than fifty remain in the wild (Florida Panther). This makes it one of the most endangered animals in North America. If habitat loss can be halted, biologists hope that the panther population will increase.

Free Essays on Persian Gulf War

There are three basic causes to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990. First, Iraq had long considered Kuwait to be a part of Iraq. This claim led to several confrontations over the years (see below), and continued hostility. Also, it can be argued that with Saddam Hussein's attempted invasion of Iran defeated, he sought easier conquests against his weak southern neighbors. Second, rich deposits of oil straddled the ill-defined border and Iraq constantly claimed that Kuwaiti oil rigs were illegally tapping into Iraqi oil fields. Middle Eastern deserts make border delineation difficult and this has caused many conflicts in the region. Finally, the fallout from the First Persian Gulf War between Iraq and Iran strained relations between Baghdad and Kuwait. This war began with an Iraqi invasion of Iran and degenerated into a bloody form of trench warfare as the Iranians slowly drove Saddam Hussein's armies back into Iraq. Kuwait and many other Arab nations supported Iraq against the Islamic Revolutionary government of Iran, fearful that Saddam's defeat could herald a wave of Iranian-inspired revolution throughout the Arab world. Following the end of the war, relations between Iraq and Kuwait deteriorated; with a lack of gratitude from the Baghdad government for help in the war and the reawakening of old issues regarding the border and Kuwaiti sovereignty. Iraq-Kuwait Relations Prior to the 1990 Invasion. 1961- Iraq (President Qasim) threatens Kuwait, invoking old Ottoman claims. Britain supports Kuwait and Iraq backs down. 1973, March- Iraq occupies as-Samitah, a border post on Kuwait-Iraq border. Dispute began when Iraq demanded the right to occupy the Kuwaiti islands of Bubiyan and Warbah. Saudi Arabia and the Arab League convinced Iraq to withdraw. 1980-1988- Kuwait supports Iraq in the First Persian Gulf War with Iran. On August 2nd, 1990 Iraqi military forces invaded and occupied the small Arab state of Kuwait. The order was gi... Free Essays on Persian Gulf War Free Essays on Persian Gulf War There are three basic causes to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990. First, Iraq had long considered Kuwait to be a part of Iraq. This claim led to several confrontations over the years (see below), and continued hostility. Also, it can be argued that with Saddam Hussein's attempted invasion of Iran defeated, he sought easier conquests against his weak southern neighbors. Second, rich deposits of oil straddled the ill-defined border and Iraq constantly claimed that Kuwaiti oil rigs were illegally tapping into Iraqi oil fields. Middle Eastern deserts make border delineation difficult and this has caused many conflicts in the region. Finally, the fallout from the First Persian Gulf War between Iraq and Iran strained relations between Baghdad and Kuwait. This war began with an Iraqi invasion of Iran and degenerated into a bloody form of trench warfare as the Iranians slowly drove Saddam Hussein's armies back into Iraq. Kuwait and many other Arab nations supported Iraq against the Islamic Revolutionary government of Iran, fearful that Saddam's defeat could herald a wave of Iranian-inspired revolution throughout the Arab world. Following the end of the war, relations between Iraq and Kuwait deteriorated; with a lack of gratitude from the Baghdad government for help in the war and the reawakening of old issues regarding the border and Kuwaiti sovereignty. Iraq-Kuwait Relations Prior to the 1990 Invasion. 1961- Iraq (President Qasim) threatens Kuwait, invoking old Ottoman claims. Britain supports Kuwait and Iraq backs down. 1973, March- Iraq occupies as-Samitah, a border post on Kuwait-Iraq border. Dispute began when Iraq demanded the right to occupy the Kuwaiti islands of Bubiyan and Warbah. Saudi Arabia and the Arab League convinced Iraq to withdraw. 1980-1988- Kuwait supports Iraq in the First Persian Gulf War with Iran. On August 2nd, 1990 Iraqi military forces invaded and occupied the small Arab state of Kuwait. The order was gi... Free Essays on Persian Gulf War CASE STUDY THE PERSIAN GULF WAR AND UN INVOLVEMENT The jubilation caused by the drawing down of the Cold War was dramatically overshadowed when Iraq invaded the nation of Kuwait on August 2nd 1990. Iraqi control of Kuwait and the danger it posed to Saudi Arabia and the smaller Gulf states threatened a vital American interest, because the United States and the West in general, remained dependent on this region for much of its oil supplies. President Bush strongly condemned the Iraqi action and called for Iraq's immediate and unconditional withdrawal. An emergency session of the UN Security Council voted unanimously to condemn Iraq, urge a cease-fire and demand the withdrawal of Iraqi troops from Kuwait. When Iraq did not comply with the resolution the Council reiterated the inherent right of self-defence and called for economic sanctions to be applied to Iraq (resolution 661, 6 Aug 1990). In response to this, Iraq announced the occupation of Kuwait and ordered the closing of all embassies in the country, and began taking US and British citizens in Kuwait hostage. Following the steps articulated in the UN charter the Security Council authorised naval ships in the Persian Gulf to use, 'such measures...as may be necessary under the authority of the security Council'# to enforce the sanctions. On August 8, President Bush went on national television to announce the deployment of US troops to the Middle East. The president then worked to assemble one of the most extraordinary military and political coalitions of modern times, with military forces from Asia, Europe and Africa, as well as the Middle East. Bush knew that he must get as many allied countries on his side if he had any chance of winning this battle. However, Bush had to act in an extremely diplomatic way since the future of world oil supply hung greatly in the balance of his actions. In the days and weeks following the invasion, the UN Security Council...

Review of lay literature article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Review of lay literature - Article Example The condition was the seventh leading cause of death in 2010.2 In addition, diabetes is expensive, as the government and the families of the affected often spend a lot of income in trying to provide high-quality healthcare services for their loved ones. Physical therapy, medication and proper diet together form the solution for treatment of diabetes. The project provides more insight into some of the mechanisms that prevent full-blown diabetes as well as most of the complications that come about due to the health condition. The article "Prediabetes? Get Yourself Moving but Do Not Jump Immediately to Drugs As an Answer", is highlighted in The Washington Post as of December 15, 2014. The article titled â€Å"Prediabetes? Get Yourself Moving but Do Not Jump Immediately to Drugs As an Answer†, appeared under the health and science section of The Washington Post on December 15th last year. In as much as the commentary was put together by Consumer Reports, the message delivered throughout the editorial seems apparent. The major argument in the article is that the occurrence of diabetes in the United States is high notably because close to a third of the adult population, which translates to around 86 million citizens, suffer from prediabetes. Prediabetes is a condition where the blood sugar level of a person is higher than the standard.1 The extraordinary prevalence of diabetes routinely comes about, for over 90% of those who suffer from prediabetes are not aware of it. The authors share the ideology that as prediabetics routinely embrace medication, the Federal Drug Administration has not availed any prediabetes drug in the market, implying that making such a call amounts to backing the wrong horse.1 Instead of embracing medication, the authors argue that changing an individual’s way of life and living healthy come in handy in reducing the risk of developing